@article{Bukalov_2024, title={The laws of thermodynamics, the evolution of the Universe and its subsystems}, volume={18}, url={https://physics.socionic.info/index.php/physics/article/view/507}, abstractNote={<p>The fallacy of the often postulated connection between the passage of time and the process of increasing entropy is shown. An obvious counterexample to this popular hypothesis is the existence and functioning of living organisms living in time with almost unchanged thermodynamic parameters. It is also shown that the application of the second law of thermodynamics to macroscopic subsystems of the Universe as a whole encounters difficulties, since the existence of a hierarchy of nonequilibrium systems determines the growth or decrease of entropy depends on the scale of isolation and consideration of such systems. In particular, the ordering of such a subsystem as the biosphere of the Earth is constant, or increases in time. Therefore, in addition to the well-known laws of thermodynamics, on the basis of the works of I. Prigogine, Yu. Klimontovich, G. Haken, A. Bukalov and others, a new law of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is proposed as a generalization: in highly nonequilibrium open, synergetic systems, their average ordering it is either constant or increases, provided that the incoming flow of energy, information and substance, and the ability of the system elements to function and interact, are maintained.</p>}, number={3-4}, journal={Physics of Consciousness and Life, Cosmology and Astrophysics}, author={Bukalov, Aleksandr}, year={2024}, month={Feb.}, pages={15–21} }